nullschool earth

uma visualização das condições de climaticas globais
boletins gerados por supercomputadores
atualizados a cada três horas

ocean surface current estimates
updated every day

temperaturas de superfície do oceano e
anomalia da média diária (1981-2011)
atualizada diariamente

ondas do oceano
atualizadas a cada três horas

aurora
updated every thirty minutes

created by

Cameron Beccario - @cambecc.bsky.social
Nullschool Technologies Inc.

Comunidade

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licensing

contact inquiries@nullschool.net for licensing or other questions

data sources

this website would not exist without the steady streams of Earth science data produced by scientists and engineers at government agencies and research labs across the globe

Dados meteorológicos: GFS (Global Forecast System)
EMC / NCEP / NWS / NOAA
Dados de correntes do oceano: OSCAR v2.0
Earth & Space Research
Global Ocean Physics Analysis and Forecast
E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMEMS). Marine Data Store (MDS). DOI: 10.48670/moi-00016
Temperatura de Superfície do Mar: OI SST (Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature) V2.1
NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
note: OI SST data is preliminary if fresher than two weeks and may change
OSTIA (Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis)
UK Met Office + GHRSST + E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMEMS)
RTGSST (Real Time Global Sea Surface Temperature)
MMAB / EMC / NCEP / NWS / NOAA
Ondas do oceano: WAVEWATCH III
MMAB / EMC / NCEP / NWS / NOAA
Bleaching Alert Area: Coral Reef Watch / NOAA
Aerossóis e química: GEOS-5 (Goddard Earth Observing System)
GMAO / NASA
CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring System)
Copernicus / European Commission + ECMWF
Aurora: OVATION
SWPC / NCEP / NWS / NOAA
Processing script written by Stephanie Deppe, PhD (profile)
Ultraviolet Index and Erythemal Dose Rate: Climate Prediction Center / NCEP / NWS / NOAA
Active Fires: Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) / EOSDIS / NASA
(see discussion below)

libraries & services

Geographic Projections and Visualization: D3
Open Source Libraries: see attribution and licenses
Dados geográficos: Natural Earth
Decodificador de GRIB/NetCDF: NSF Unidata netcdf-java
Hospedagem: Cloudflare
Amazon S3
Backblaze B2
Digital Ocean
Fontes: M+ FONTS
Google Noto Fonts
Icons: Font Awesome Free by @fontawesome - CC BY 4.0
Escalas de Cores: ColorBrewer2.org
Kindlmann Linear Luminance
MYCARTA
Dave Green's cubehelix
Versão gratuita do código fonte: github.com/cambecc/earth

acknowledgements

Inspiração: HINT.FM wind map
Protótipo: air.nullschool.net

about the data

A camada de "Superfície" representa as condições no terreno ou do nível da água
esta camada segue os contornos das montanhas, vales, etc.

overlays show another dimension of data using color
some overlays are valid at a specific height
while others are valid for the entire thickness of the atmosphere

Vento

velocidade do vento na altura especificada

Temp

temperatura na altura especificada

UH

umidade relativa na altura especificada

WBT

wet bulb temperature at 2m above surface
calculated from GFS dry bulb temperature, dew point temperature, and pressure variables using the approach from Brice and Hall

Dew

dew point temperature at 2m above surface

WPD

Densidade instantânea do vento
measure of power available in the wind: ½ρv³, where ρ is air density and v is wind velocity

TAP

Total Precipitable Water
quantidade total de água em uma coluna de ar que se estende do solo ao espaço

TAN

Total de água na nuvem
quantidade total de água nas nuvens em uma coluna de ar da terra para o espaço

3AP

Acúmulo de precipitação em 3 horas
quantidade de precipitação nas próximas três horas

CAPE

Energia Potencial Convectiva Disponível
indica o empuxo do ar, uma medida da instabilidade atmosférica e indicador de tempo severo

MSLP

Pressão ao nível do mar
pressão de ar reduzida ao nível do mar

MI

Índice de Desconforto Térmico
perceived air temperature as combination of heat index and wind chill

UVI

Ultraviolet Index
risk of harm from unprotected sun exposure due to the strength of sunburn-producing ultraviolet (UV) radiation

0 - 2: low
3 - 5: moderate
6 - 7: high
8 - 10: very high
11+: extreme

TSM

Temperatura de Superfície do Mar
temperatura na superfície do oceano

ATSM

Anomalia de Temperatura na Superfície do Mar
RTG-SST: diferença na temperatura do mar de média diária durante anos 1981-2011
OSTIA: calculated from 1981–present Pathfinder climatology
OI SST: calculated from 1971-2000 OI SST V2 climatology

ASO

Altura Significativa de Onda
aproximadamente igual a altura de onda, como estimado por um "observador"

BAA

Bleaching Alert Area (7-day maximum)
the level of coral bleaching heat stress:

No Stress: No heat stress or coral bleaching is present.
Bleaching Watch: Low-level heat stress is present.
Bleaching Warning: Risk of possible bleaching. Heat stress is accumulating.
Alert Level 1: Risk of reef-wide bleaching. Significant coral bleaching is likely.
Alert Level 2: Risk of reef-wide bleaching with mortality of heat-sensitive corals. Severe coral bleaching and significant coral death is likely.
Alert Level 3: Risk of multi-species mortality.
Alert Level 4: Risk of severe, multi-species mortality (> 50% of corals).
Alert Level 5: Risk of near complete mortality (> 80% of corals).

COsc

Concentração de Monóxido de Carbono Superficial
Uma fração de monóxido de carbono presente no ar da superfície da terra

CO₂sc

Concetração de Dióxido de Carbono na Superfície
uma fração de dióxido de carbono presente no ar da superfície terrestre

SO₂sm

Massa de Dióxido de Enxofre Superficial
amount of sulfur dioxide in the air near the earth's surface

NO₂

Nitrogen Dioxide
amount of nitrogen dioxide in the air near the earth's surface

DUex

Extinção de pó
the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) of light at 550 nm due to dust

SO₄ex

Extinção de sulfato
the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) of light at 550 nm due to sulfate

PM₁

Particulate Matter < 1 µm
mass of atmospheric particles with a diameter less than 1 micron

PM_2.5

Particulate Matter < 2.5 µm
mass of atmospheric particles with a diameter less than 2.5 microns

PM₁₀

Particulate Matter < 10 µm
mass of atmospheric particles with a diameter less than 10 microns

OMaot

Organic Matter aerosol optical thickness
The aerosol optical thickness (AOT) of light at 550 nm due to organic matter suspended in air.
This layer can be interpreted as the thickness of smoke from wildfires and other sources of combustion.

pressure levels

atmospheric pressure corresponds roughly to altitude
several pressure layers are meteorologically interesting
they show data assuming the earth is completely smooth
note: 1 hectopascal (hPa) = 1 millibar (mb)

1000 hPa: 00,~100 m, condições ao nível do mar
850 hPa: 0~1,500 m, camada limite atmosférica, baixa
700 hPa: 0~3,500 m, camada limite atmosférica, elevada
500 hPa: 0~5,000 m, vorticidade
250 hPa: ~10,500 m, corrente de jato
70 hPa: ~17,500 m, estratosfera
10 hPa: ~26,500 m, ainda mais estratosfera

sobre ondas do oceano

Significant Wave Height is the average height of the highest 1/3 of waves at a particular point in the ocean. There's a great writeup here describing what this means.

Peak Wave Period is the (inverse) frequency of the most energetic waves passing through a particular point, whether wind generated or swells. Certainly, there are many more groups of waves moving through an area, each in different directions, but trying to show them all rapidly becomes complex. Instead, we show the one wave group contributing the most energy. This has the effect, though, of creating "boundaries" between regions of ocean where the #1 wave group suddenly switches to second place. Often these boundaries represent swell fronts, but other times they are just artifacts of the ranking mechanism.

sobre concentrações de CO₂
for dates earlier than 2017-01-24 04:30 UTC

While implementing the visualization of CO₂ surface concentration, I noticed the NASA GEOS-5 model reports a global mean concentration that differs significantly from widely reported numbers. For example, from the run at 2015-11-23 00:00 UTC, the global mean is only 368 ppmv whereas CO₂ observatories report concentrations closer to 400 ppmv. GEOS-5 was constructed in the 2000s, so perhaps the model does not account for accumulation of atmospheric CO₂ over time? This is simply speculation. I am just not certain.

To bring the GEOS-5 results closer to contemporary numbers, I have added a uniform offset of +32 ppmv, increasing the global mean to 400 ppmv. This is not scientifically valid, but it does allow the visualization to become illustrative of the discussion occurring today around atmospheric CO₂. Without question, I would welcome a more rigorous approach or an explanation why the GEOS-5 model produces the data that it does.

From 2017-01-24 04:30 UTC, this adjustment is no longer necessary because GEOS-5 appears to have been upgraded.

sobre aerossóis e extinção

An aerosol is air containing particles. Common particles are dust, smoke, soot, and water droplets (clouds). These particles affect sunlight primarily through absorption and scattering, which combine to reduce the amount of light reaching the ground. This loss of light as it passes through the atmosphere is called extinction.

One common measure of extinction is aerosol optical thickness (AOT), which is (the log of) the ratio between the power of incoming light and the power of transmitted light. This helps us understand how "thick" the air is with particulates.

about active fire data

Fire data is a combination of VIIRS 375m NRT (NOAA-20) and VIIRS 375m NRT (Suomi NPP) active fire products. Each fire detection data point contains the time of detection (when the satellite made the measurement) and the Fire Radiative Power (FRP) in units of megawatts (MW). For more information on how to interpret the readings, see the FIRMS FAQ and the detailed discussion of VIIRS I-Band 375 m Active Fire Data.

We acknowledge the use of data and/or imagery from NASA's Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), part of NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS).

atalhos do teclado

e: mostrar o menu
escape: feche a caixa de diálogo/menu
n: ir para (data mais recente)
shift-c: show the date selection calendar
j: voltar vários passos
shift-j: voltar vários passos
k: ir para a frente
shift-k: avançar vários passos
g: alternar a grade ligar/desligar
p: alternar a animação ligar/desligar
shift-h: habilitar/desabilitar modo de alta definição
shift-t: show settings

i: subir um nível de pressão
shift-i: subir para a estratosfera
m: descer um nível de pressão
shift-m: descer para a superfície

d: zoom in
shift-d: zoom in faster
x: zoom out
shift-x: zoom out faster
w: rotate up
shift-w: rotate up faster
z: rotate down
shift-z: rotate down faster
a: rotate left
shift-a: rotate left faster
s: rotate right
shift-s: rotate right faster

tradutores

Александр Попов Вячеслав Епиков 1599763839 1992pb 2451158917 피시 afropolakwot agagey Aleksander Alexander Kirilov Alexey Dmitriev Alexey Korsakov AlexOrlovets Anderson Porto Andre Lz Andrea de Franco Andrew Pedrini Andrey Bagmanov Antonpek arquerogonza Artur Wisniewski ashawesoman ashvin.j.sherathiya astrostrong asveruz atom Belore Stergann bgij bidulem3 Birg3r Bohuslav Šín Bram Versteeve Bryan carina.bringedal carlofrc Cassiel Bclamson Ching-ping Yu Christian Leroux contact cuxcoll Daniel Bartsch Daniel Isak Marinosson Daniel Pawlowski Daniel Rakoczy danielruiz1636 Darlite davalenciano98 Davide Carlier Denat250 deus.05 Dimitris T. Papadimitriou dlo.daniel Dominic Douglas dsantosgtm dustyhofman e Eason Huang egarpunov elier.pila Eric Kim essaii32 estefilippini fantasy_lcl farrasoctara Felipe Faria florian-lerch franci00 FranklinZhang Frederik T. de Ridder fthmiln georg.loesel gherlainfo giacomo.gerosa Gian Centeno giospud gonzalo.ag88 gporter.seadog graceang graham.rimmington grol2901 Hebel holgersson Hyung Wook Jung Ichiro Wang Ignacio Sanz iii1212 InfoSecOne Jae Soo Park Jiří Batelka Joanna Rinne Joao Correia jocelot Jomari Joseph Barrera Jonathan Yang Jose A. Frias Morales juanpaexpedite kai.s.mueller Karol Sapiński Kiyun Jeon kjetil.hoiby kty5663 ku5an2901 laurapaccini leandro1212 leticia.tahnee lretamal Luboš Motl marcello.carreira marco.prosdocimo Mark markeletona Markus Schley Martine Bolzinger Matt Tang Mattia Raffa mavilesilva melfi Melissa Ortiz Massó Meow Wang mgb Michael Purer Michael Michel Rivero mikami_1966.1118 mikele.fit95 Miquel Bayo Moreno mir597 MirageF1AZ Miroslaw Lisiak Mohannad Alahmadi m_strugale nando nunolava1998 Olivier OLS-RU Oğuzhan Arı Paul Bachem Paweł Kowalczyk pdobrev Personim Intaned Philippe Jabet Plamen Dobrev ProffLex P_A_N_D_A_M_A_N Rafael Nonato Bassora rajeshgodvani RaskiPL reyfran8 Riccardo Monfardini robertrosalex Roger Helman Roller978 rosariainpo Russel Schwartz santiago.giraldoc sapan021 sarogrom Seongmin Park september43 Seregalsv Serega silverhaze030 Simone Dragoni siudzin98 skyneon77 sombrasbaul Somil Thesia Stephen Flynn Steven SUGIMOTO Tatsuo Sunny Miu Tayseer M Alhibshi Telmo John tenderstart thanhhuyenlth Thomas Middelveld Thorsten Schleicher tigormal tigra200sx Tomasz Waligóra torstenleibrich tsuka tama ulaszewski.bartosz ultordima Vasily Tarasenko vhc1967 Vu Thuong Víctor Velarde wasted webfreelance Wonmin Jeong wtlovergirl xesmedic xorpid xrdeem xsqz 潘柏綸 yaawwad Yauhen Bahashou youngjune4498 Youngmin Jeon Yukun Chen zackcaussy Zulus Οverlord

citations

Selected for inclusion in the Climate Literacy and Energy Awareness Network (CLEAN) collection of educational resources.

reclamação

Os dados usados no GEOS-5 foram fornecidos pelo escritório de assimilação (GMAO) na NASA Goddard Space Flight Center e modelagem Global através do portal de dados on-line no centro da NASA para a simulação de clima
GEOS-5 data (covering all Chem and Particulates layers) comes with the following disclaimer: Forecasts using the GEOS system are experimental and are produced for research purposes only. Use of these forecasts for purposes other than research is not recommended.

Generated using Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service Information 2017-2020. Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of this information.

clima e oceano de dados gerados a partir de modelos numéricos
Nullschool Technologies Inc. implies no guarantee of accuracy